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Alexey S. Kondrashov ((ロシア語:Алексей Симонович Кондрашов)) (born April 11, 1957 in Moscow) is a professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI. He has worked on a variety of subjects in evolutionary genetics. He is best known for the ''deterministic mutation hypothesis''〔Kondrashov, A.S. 1988. Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual reproduction. ''Nature'' 336: 435-440〕 explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction,〔Kondrashov AS & Crow JF. 1991. Haploidy or diploidy: which is better? ''Nature'' 351:314-315〕 his work on sympatric speciation,〔Kondrashov AS & Kondrashov FA. 1999. Interactions among quantitative traits in the course of symaptric speciation. ''Nature'' 400: 351-354〕 and his work on evaluating mutation rates.〔Kondrashov AS & Houle D. 1994. Genotype-Environment interactions and the estimation of the genomci mutation-reate in ''Drosophila melanogaster''. ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences'' 258: 221-227〕 Originally from the Soviet Union, A.S. Kondrashov has been working in the United States since the early 1990s. His work currently focuses on measuring rate of spontaneous mutation in ''Drosophila''. Also, he studies selection at the sequence level and protein evolution.〔Jordan IK, Kondrashov FA, Adzhubei IA, Wolf YI, Koonin EV, Kondrashov AS, Sunyaev S. 2005. A universal trend of amino acid gain and loss in protein evolution ''Nature'' 433: 633-638〕 He founded the laboratory of evolutionary genomics in the College of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics at Lomonosov Moscow State University. ==Early years of Life and Education== Alexey Kondrashov was born on April 11, 1957 in Moscow. His father is the famous Soviet and Russian biophysicist, Simon Shnoll. In the 1960s his family moved to Pushchino where he attended Middle School #1 (1966-1970). After some time, he transferred to the Pushchino’s Middle School #2 (1970-1973). From 1973 to 1978 Kondrashov studied in the College of Genetics of Biology Department of the Moscow State University-Lomonosov. In 1984, he received his Ph.D. degree in Biology form The Moscow State University.〔(Победители школьных биологических олимпиад МГУ 1975-1992 г.г. // Сайт Olympiads.mccme.ru )〕〔(''А. С. Кондрашов'' Хроника неожиданного открытия // Сайт Wsyachina.narod.ru )〕 In 1990, Kondrashov became an Associate Visiting Scientist in the Department of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin – Madison.〔(Alexey Kondrashov // Сайт lsi.umich.edu )〕 He became an Assistant Professor of Ecology and Systematics at Cornell University in 1993, and Associate Professor in 1996. As Kondrashov says, the most beneficial development in his career was, that after being trained as a zoologist, in 1978 he joined a computing center, where he was the only one without a formal education in mathematics. His mentor, Prof. Molchanov helped him to learn all the basic bifurcations possible in dynamical systems, which is the background of Kondrashov’s approach to any scientific problem as he said in his interview in 2006.〔(Kondrashov Lab research // Сайт lsi.umich.edu )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexey Kondrashov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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